Phytochemical composition of yerba mate leaves (Ilex paraguariensis) and its relation with cultivation conditions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70151/gg1hyp80Keywords:
Ilex paraguariensis, Silvicultural management, Methylxanthines, Phenolic compounds, Proteins, Yerba mateAbstract
Yerba mate, Ilex paraguariensis, of the family Aquifoliaceae, is a native South American plant species. Its leaves exhibit levels of protein, methylxanthines, and phenolic compounds, which have been considered significant quality parameters that extend its industrial use in several products. In the present study, different management techniques were employed in three apparent levels of luminosity 60%, 45% and 30% for five years to analyze the relation of the phytochemical properties of the leaves. There was an increase in protein content in the mate leaves without fertilization during the management of the greater shading 30%, which was an increase of 8% compared to the luminosity levels of 45% and 60%. The conventional mineral fertilizer of ready solubility increased the protein content of the leaves with 30% of luminosity in up to 5,65%. The shading and fertilization of the herbs did not change the phenolic compound contents in the yerba mate leaves. Shading below 45% luminosity of the herbs increased 12,5% of the methylxanthine contents in the leaves. Conventional mineral fertilization of ready solubility increased 6,29% of the total methylxanthine content while the yerba mate was cultivated at a 45% apparent luminosity level. The use of yerba mate products in different cultivation conditions results in products with heterogeneous phytochemical properties, a relevant finding regarding herb quality for medicinal purposes.
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