Anatomical characterization of leaf of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (Poaceae) and chemical profile of the essential oil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70151/147z7t70Keywords:
Cymbopogon citratus, leaf anatomy, essential oils, Plants MedicinalAbstract
The objective of the work was to accomplish an anatomical and ultrastructural study of mature leaf of Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) and analyze the essential oil through Gas Chromatography (GC). For the anatomical study, the material was fixed in FAA, followed bytheethyl dehydration and infiltration of the material in synthetic resin. For the ultrastructural study, the material was fixed and Karnovsky, dehydrated in acetone, dried to the critical point and metallized. For the analysis in GC, the essential oil it was obtained by steam distillation of leaves and analyzed by Gas Chromatography. Through the anatomical study it was observed that the faces of mesophyll are distinctly, the bulliform cells occupy the adaxial surface of the leaf and in the medium region are situated the biggest vascular bundles involved by sclerenchymatous hem with extensions reaching both epidermis. Between the biggest vascular bundles are observed three to five small vascular bundles, linkage only in the abaxial epidermis. Shortly, pointed and unicellular structures, called prickle-hair, had been observed inserted above the veins and micro-hair, that they consist of a long basal cell and an oval distal cell, that are located between the regions of vascular bundles. The chromatogram sample shows that the analyzed essential oil presented three majority components, responsible for 87% of the relative composition of the oil. These components are monoterpenos, justifying the strong smell of the essential oil.
Downloads
References
ADAMS, R.P. Identification of essential oil by lon trap mass spectroscopy. San Diego: Academic Press, 1995.
CARLSON, L.H.C., MACHADO, R. A. F., SPRICIGO, C. B. et al. Extration of lemongrass essential oil with dense carbon dioxide. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, v. 21, p. 33-9, 2001.
CICOGNA JÚNIOR, O., MANCINI, B., JORGE NETO, J. Influência do tempo de destilação na composição quali e quantitativa de óleos essenciais. II- Essências de cravo-da-india e capim-limão. Revista de Ciências Farmacêuticas, v. 8/9 p. 173-81, 1986/ 1987.
COSTA, A. F. Farmacognosia. 5.ed. Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1994, v. 1.
CRAVEIRO, A. A., FERNANDES, A. G., ANDRADE, C. H. S. et al. Óleo essencial de lemongrass. In: Óleos essenciais de plantas do Nordeste. Fortaleza: Edições UFC, 1981. p. 153.
DANILATOS, G.D. Foundations of environmental scanning electron microscopy. Advances Eletronics Electron Physical v.71, p. 109-250, 1998.
EKUNDAYO, O. Composition of the leaf volatile oil of Cymbopogon citratus. Fitoterapia, v.6, p.339-42, 1984.
FARMACOPÉIA DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DO BRASIL. 2.ed. São Paulo. Siqueira, 1959.
FERRUA, F. Q., MARQUES, M.O.M., MEIRELLES, M. A. M. Óleo essencial de capim-limão obtido por extração com dióxido de carbono líquido. Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, v. 14, Supl., p. 83, 1994.
GERRITS, P.O. The application of glycol metacrylate in histotechnology: some fundamental principles. Germany: Leica GmbH, 1964.
IRUTHAYATHAS, E.E., HERATH, W.H.M. Investigation on lemon-grass and citronella (Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon nardus). Proceeding of Agricultural Research Seminar of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, p. 75-6, 1975.
IRUTHAYATHAS, E.E., HERATH, W.H.M. Micro-hairs of citronella leaves and their relationship to components of citronella oil. Tropical Agriculture, v. 59, п.3, р. 227-30, 1982.
IRUTHAYATHAS, E.E., HERATH, W.H.M., WIJESEKERA, R. O. B., JAYAWARDENE, A.L. Variations in the composition of oil in citronella strains. Journal of the National Science Council of Sri Lanka, v. 5, р. 133-46, 1977.
LEWINSOHN, E., DUDAI, N., TADMOR, Y. et al. Histochemical localization of citral accumulation in lemongrass leaves (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf., Poaceae). Annals of Botany, v. 81, p. 35-9, 1998.
LIBERALLI, C.H., HELOU, J. H., FRANÇA, A.A. Contribuição ao estudo de gramíneas aromáticas: O capim-limão Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Sapf. Revista Brasileira de Farmácia, p. 189-209, 1946.
MERCK & CO., INC. (Ed.) The Merck Index of Chemical and Drugs. 7 ed. Rahway: Merck, 1960.
METCALFE, C.R. Anatomy of the Monocotyledons: I. Gramineae. Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, 1960.
O'BRIEN, T.P., FEDER, N., MC.CULLY, M.E. Polychromatic staining of plant cell walls by toluidine blue. Protoplasma, v. 59, p. 368-73, 1964.
ONAWUNMI, G.O., YISAK, W., OGUNLANA, E.O. Antibacterial constituents in the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. Journal of Etnopharmacology, v. 12, p. 279-86, 1984.
PAVIANI, T.I. Algumas considerações acerca da anatomia foliar de Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. Revista da Faculdade de Farmácia de Santa Maria, v. 10, p.97-108, 1964.
SARGENTI, S.R., LANÇAS, F.M. Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Cymbopogon citratus (D. C.) Stapf. Cromatographia, v. 46, p. 285-90, 1997.
SIMÕES, C. M. O., SPITZER, V. Óleos voláteis. In: Farmacognosia: da planta ao medicamento. Porto Alegre / Florianópolis: Ed. Universidade / UFRGS, Ed. da UFSC, 1999.
SOEJARTO, D. D. Biodiversity prospecting and benefit sharing: perspectives from the field. Journal Ethnopharmacology, v.51, p. 1-15, 1996.
SUAEYUN, R., KINOUCHI, T., ARIMOCHI, et al. Inibitory effects of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf.) on formation of azoxymethane-induced DNA adducts and aberrant crypt foci in rat colon. Carcinogenesis, v.18, p. 949-55, 1997.
WALL, M. E., WANI, M. C. Camptothecin and taxol: from discovery to clinic. Journal Ethnopharmacology, v.51, p. 239-54, 1996.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
