Effect of a Syzygium jambolanum (jamelão) extract on the labeling of blood elements with sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70151/n3pzjr65Keywords:
Syzygium jambolanum, technetium-99m, blood cells, oxidants, blood proteinsAbstract
Technetium-99m (99mTc) js used in many clinical evaluations in nuclear medicine. The physical chemical and biological characteristics of this radionuclide permit the labeling of several structures of biomedical interest. Besides these structures there are the red blood cells (BC) that are used to determine the blood volume, to locate the sites of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, to imaging of blood pool and to evaluate splenic sequestration. When whole blood is employed in the labeling of BC with 99mTc radioactivity is found in blood cells, however, it is also bound to plasma proteins. This labeling process depends on a reducing agent and stannous chloride is used for this purpose. However many factors, including drug therapy, radiation therapy, dietary conditions, besides pathological processes, could affect the bio-distribution and/or the labeling of the radio-pharmaceuticals. If unknown, such factors may lead to poor visualization, requiring the repetition of the examination procedure resulting in unnecessary irradiation to the patient or even misdiagnosis. It has been described that vegetal extracts alter the labeling of blood elements with 99mTc. Jamelan trees reach a high length, being originated from India and acclimated in Brazil. In popular medicine, it is utilized in order to reduce the glucose level in blood in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. We have investigated if an extract of this vegetal (leaves) is capable of modifying the labeling of blood elements with 99mTc. Blood was obtained from Wistar rats and incubated with different concentrations of the decoct (2; 1; 0.50; 0.25; 0.125 mg/ml). Stannous chloride (SnCl2) 1.2 pg/ml and 99mTc, as sodium pertechnetate, were added. After blood centrifugation, plasma (P) and blood cells (BC) were isolated, also precipitated with 5% trichloroacetic acid and soluble (ST) and insoluble fractions (IF) were separated. The percentages of radioactivity (%ATI) in P, C; IF-P and IF-BC were calculated. The results show that there is: (i) a decrease on the labeling of BC (93.68±3.18) with the concentrations: 2 mg/ml (24.17±4.93), 1 mg/ml (17.92±0.95), 0.50 mg/ml (26.37±3.69), 0.25 mg/ml(27.53±1.45) and 0.125 mg/ml (31.41±1.79), (ii) a decrease in the IF- BC (95.81 ±1.64) on the concentrations of 2 mg/ml (79.44±1.65) and 1 mg/ml (85.73±4.92) and (iii) an increase on the labeling of IF-P in all the concentrations used. As the Syzygium jambolanum extract was capable of modifying the binding of sodium pertechnetate to blood elements, we suggest, as possible action mechanisms: (i) a direct inhibition (chelating action) of the referred ions, (ii) damages induced in the plasma membrane, (iii) competition of the cited ions for the same binding sites, (iv) possible generation of reactive oxygen species that could oxidize the stannous ion and/or (v) direct oxidation of the stannous ion.
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